@InProceedings{SabaSWCSKCO:2010:HiViOb,
               author = "Saba, Marcelo Magalh{\~a}es Fares and Schulz, Wolfgang and 
                         Warner, Tom A. and Campos, Leandro Z. S. and Schumann, Carina and 
                         Krider, E. Philip and Cummins, Kenneth L. and Orville, Richard 
                         E.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "High-speed video observations of positive lightning flashes to 
                         ground",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2010",
         organization = "30th International Conference on Lightning Protection",
                 note = "Informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es Adicionais: Although positive lightning 
                         flashes to ground are not as frequent as negative flashes, their 
                         large amplitudes and destructive characteristics make 
                         understanding their parameters an important issue. This study 
                         summarizes the characteristics of 103 positive cloud-to-ground 
                         (+CG) flashes that have been recorded using high-speed video 
                         cameras (up to 11,800 frames per second) in three countries 
                         together with time-correlated data provided by lightning location 
                         systems (LLS). A large fraction of the +CG flashes (81%) produced 
                         just a single-stroke, and the average multiplicity was 1.2 strokes 
                         per flash. All the subsequent strokes in multiple-stroke +CG 
                         flashes created a new ground termination except one. The geometric 
                         mean of 21 interstroke time-intervals was 94 ms, which is about 
                         1.5 times larger the average interstroke interval in negative CG 
                         flashes (~ 60 ms). 75% of the +CG flashes contained at least one 
                         long continuing current (LCC) \≥ and 40 ms, and this 
                         percentage is significantly larger than in the negative flashes 
                         that produce LCCs (approximately 30%). The median estimated peak 
                         current, (Ip) for 116 positive strokes that created new ground 
                         terminations was 39.4 kA. Positive strokes with a large Ip were 
                         usually followed by a LCC, and both of these parameters are 
                         threats in lightning protection. The characteristics presented 
                         here include the multiplicities of strokes and ground contacts, 
                         the percentage of single-stroke flashes, the average interstroke 
                         time-interval, the durations of the continuing current, and the 
                         distributions of Ip, the total flash durations, and the 2-D leader 
                         speeds..",
             keywords = "positive, lightning, high-speed video, continuing current.",
  conference-location = "Cagliari",
      conference-year = "2010",
                label = "lattes: 5746446930759722 5 SabaSWCSKCO:2010:HiViOb",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "saba_high.pdf",
                  url = "http://www.diee.unica.it/iclp2010/",
        urlaccessdate = "08 maio 2024"
}